SARS-CoV-2 infects cells following viral entry via clathrin-mediated endocytosis

Abstract

Abstract With more than 51 million cases and 1.3 million deaths, and with the resulting social upheaval, the COVID-19 pandemic presents one of the greatest challenges ever to human society. It is thus vital to fully understand the biology of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 uses its spike glycoprotein to interact with the cell surface as a first step in the infection process. Using purified spike glycoprotein and lentivirus pseudotyped with spike glycoprotein, we now demonstrate that following engagement with the plasma membrane, SARS-CoV-2 undergoes rapid clathrin-mediated endocytosis. This suggests that transfer of viral RNA to the cell cytosol occurs from the lumen of the endosomal system, and importantly clathrin-heavy chain knockdown, which blocks clathrin-mediated endocytosis, reduces viral infectivity. This discovery reveals important new information about the basic biology of SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.