Treatment outcomes in patients with drug-resistant TB-HIV co-infection treated with bedaquiline and linezolid

Abstract

<b>BACKGROUND:</b> Bedaquiline (BDQ) has not been extensively studied among patients co-infected with HIV drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). We compared treatment outcomes in DR-TB patients treated with BDQ- and linezolid (LZD) containing regimens to historic controls treated with second-line injectable-containing regimens.<b>METHODS:</b> Retrospective cohort study of consecutive DR-TB patients initiated on BDQ- and LZD-containing regimens at a TB referral hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Participants were prospectively followed through 24 months for treatment outcome and adverse events. Outcomes were compared to a historic control cohort of DR-TB HIV patients enrolled at the same facility prior to BDQ introduction.<b>RESULTS:</b> Adult DR-TB patients initiating BDQ between January 2014 and November 2015 were enrolled (<i>n</i> = 151). The majority of patients were female (52%), HIV co-infected (77%) and on antiretroviral therapy (100%). End of treatment outcomes included cure (63%), TB culture conversion (83%), completion (0.7%), loss to follow-up (15%), treatment failure (5%), and death (17%). Compared to historic controls (<i>n</i> = 105), patients treated with BDQ experienced significantly higher TB culture conversion and cure, with significantly lower mortality. Adverse effects were common (92%), and most frequently attributed to LZD (24.1%). QT segment prolongation was common but without clinical sequelae.<b>CONCLUSION:</b> Treatment with BDQ- and LZD-containing regimens was associated with improved treatment outcomes and survival in DR-TB HIV patients.