RETRACTED ARTICLE: Fast speed switching response and high modulation signal processing bandwidth through LiNbO₃ electro-optic modulators

Abstract

Abstract This work outlined the fast speed response and high modulation bandwidth through LiNbO 3 electro-optic modulators. The refractive index is analyzed to estimate the switching voltage and modulation bandwidth for these modulators. The modulation voltage and data transmission data rates are analyzed and discussed clearly through LiNbO 3 electro-optic modulators. The modulator’s performance efficiency is upgraded with the optimum modulator length of 10 mm and its thickness of 2 mm. The proposed modulators are compared with GaAs electrooptic modulators under various electro-optic modulators dimensions at 1300 nm near-infrared region and room temperature.