Types and viral load of human papillomavirus, and vaginal microbiota in vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

A higher level of viral load of HPV16, 52, and 58 may indicate VAIN. The composition of vaginal microbiota changes during the progression of VAIN and specific bacteria such as <i>Atopobium, Gardnerella, Allobaculum</i>, <i>Enterococcus</i> and <i>Clostridium</i>, may help to promote its development.