Sagittal Spinal and Pelvic Alignment in Middle-Aged and Older Men and Women in the Natural and Erect Sitting Positions: A Prospective Study in a Chinese Population

Abstract

BACKGROUND This prospective study aimed to compare the sagittal spinopelvic parameters in the erect and natural sitting positions in healthy middle-aged and older men and women in a Chinese population. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety healthy middle-aged and older men and women underwent lateral whole spinal radiography in the natural and erect sitting positions. The radiographic sagittal spinopelvic parameters were measured. They included the sagittal vertical axis (SVA), the T1 pelvic angle (TPA), the pelvic incidence (PI), the pelvic tilt (PT), the sacral slope (SS), thoracic kyphosis (TK), thoracolumbar kyphosis (TLK), the T1 slope (T1S), cervical lordosis (CL), and lumbar lordosis (LL). RESULTS In the natural sitting position, LL decreased by 14.5°, TK and TLK increased by 3.2° and 2.5°, respectively, PT increased by 10.3°, T1S increased by 6.9°, and CL increased by 3.4° compared with the erect position. In the natural sitting position, the mean forward-moving SVA was 33.4 mm, and the C2-C7 SVA was 6.1 mm. Men had a larger LL and smaller PT than the women when sitting in the erect position, and a greater TK, T1S, and C2-C7 SVA than women when sitting in the natural position. CONCLUSIONS In the natural sitting position, a reduction in LL was associated with TK, SVA and PT increased, and there were differences between men and women. The characteristics of spinopelvic alignment in healthy older adults should be considered when planning corrective spinal surgery.