Highly Efficient Permeation and Separation of Gases with Metal–Organic Frameworks Confined in Polymeric Nanochannels

Abstract

This work demonstrates the confinement of porous metal-organic framework (HKUST-1) on the surface and walls of track-etched nanochannel in polyethylene terephthalate (np-PET) membrane using a liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE) technique. The composite membrane (HKUST-1/np-PET) exhibits defect-free MOF growth continuity, strong attachment of MOF to the support, and a high degree of flexibility. The high flexibility and the strong confinement of the MOF in composite membrane results from (i) the flexible np-PET support, (ii) coordination attachment between HKUST-1 and the support, and (iii) the growth of HKUST-1 crystal in nanoconfined geometries. The MOF has a preferred growth orientation with a window size of 3.5 Å, resulting in a clear cut-off of CO₂ from natural gas and olefins. The experimental results and DFT calculations show that the restricted diffusion of gases only takes place through the nanoporous MOF confined in the np-PET substrate. This research thereby provides a new perspective to grow other porous MOFs in artificially prepared nanochannels for the realization of continuous, flexible, and defect-free membranes for various applications.