Hybrid DNA–Carbon Dot–Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Hydrogel with Self-Healing and Shape Memory Properties for Simultaneous Trackable Drug Delivery and Visible-Light-Induced Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation

Abstract

A two-step methodology for simultaneous conjugation of DNA and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) polymer to a single carbon quantum dot (CD) is demonstrated for the first time to fabricate a pH-responsive DNA-CD-PVP hybrid hydrogel. Cross-linking in the hydrogel was achieved using CD as the common nucleus through the formation of DNA I-motif conformation at neutral to acidic pH and noncovalent interaction of PVP that infuse self-healing and shape memory properties in the hydrogel. The hydrogel is capable of loading and sustained delivery of drugs for more than 2 weeks as demonstrated using a model drug, Hemin. The quenching of fluorescence of CD by Hemin was trackable even through simple visual monitoring, which showed that Hemin can diffuse from the loaded part to the unloaded part of the hydrogel during the self-healing process. Most significantly, the chosen CD generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon visible light irradiation, armoring the hydrogel with worthy antimicrobial activity. Biocompatibility of the DNA-CD-PVP hydrogel was established on human fibroblast cells, indicating their potential use in biomedical area pertaining to wound healing.