Accuracy of Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Drill Guides for Pedicle and Lateral Mass Screw Insertion

Abstract

3D virtual planning and 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides appear to be safe and accurate for pedicle and lateral mass screw insertion in the cervical and upper-thoracic spine. The quantitative 3D deviation analyses confirmed that screw positions were accurate with respect to the 3D-surgical plan.Level of Evidence: 4.