Development of a Green and Sustainable Manufacturing Process for Gefapixant Citrate (MK-7264) Part 2: Development of a Robust Process for Phenol Synthesis

Abstract

Various synthetic routes to 2-isopropyl-4-methoxyphenol 3, the phenol core of Gefapixant citrate (MK-7264), are described, which provide better alternatives to the initial four-step supply route. These new routes include a coumarin fragmentation approach in flow, a rhenium-catalyzed isopropylation of mequinol, and a bromination/methoxylation of 2-isopropylphenol. After exploring several approaches, a robust two-step process for the preparation of 3 from the commodity starting material 2-isopropylphenol was developed. The optimized route employs a highly regioselective bromination. After isolating the bromophenol DABCO cocrystal, a copper-catalyzed methoxylation delivers 3 in high yield. This route is successfully demonstrated at the plant scale with low process mass intensity and cost.