Optimization and Development of Methotrexate- and Resveratrol-Loaded Nanoemulsion Formulation Using Box–Behnken Design for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract

<i>Methotrexate (MTX) is the first line of choice for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and has been reported for its low bioavailability and side effects. Combination therapy has been widely investigated to overcome bioavailability issues and to reduce adverse effects associated with monotherapy. Various phytoconstituents such as resveratrol (RSV) and curcumin have been found to possess potent anti-inflammatory activity via downregulating the signaling of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and nuclear factor kappa B signaling. The prime objective of this study was to develop transdermal gel containing MTX-RSV loaded nanoemulsions (NEs) to overcome bioavailability issues and adverse effects of RA monotherapy. The NEs optimized by using Box-Behnken Design were incorporated within gel</i>, <i>and an</i> in vitro <i>skin permeation study performed on rat skin by using vertical Franz diffusion cells exhibited controlled drug release up to 48 h. Subsequently, anti-inflammatory and potential anti-arthritic activities of the combination in nanocarrier were assessed in rats and showed 78.76</i> ± <i>4.16% inhibition in inflammation and better anti-arthritic effects. Consequently, integration of dual delivery with nanotechnology can hopefully produce successful therapeutic options for rheumatic diseases.</i>