Ruthenium-Catalyzed Electrochemical Synthesis of Indolines through Dehydrogenative [3 + 2] Annulation with H₂ Evolution

Abstract

A dehydrogenative [3 + 2] annulation reaction of aniline derivatives and alkenes has been developed via the ruthenium-electron catalytic systems for the synthesis of versatile indolines. Electricity is used as a sustainable oxidant to regenerate the active Ru(II) catalyst and promote H₂ evolution. This protocol is ecofriendly and easy to handle as it uses a simple undivided cell in mild conditions without the employment of metal oxidants.