Averaged Scale in Electronegativity Joined to Physicochemical Perturbations. Consequences of Periodicity

Abstract

electronegativity scales are the best scales. Also, we have considered the free atom and the in situ hypotheses of electronegativity and used the low and high oxidation states to verify these hypotheses. Besides, as an example of the utility of this ranking of scales, we have analyzed the relation of lanthanum La and lutetium Lu to Group 3, lanthanides, and hafnium Hf. We also analyze the vertical, horizontal, Knight's move, and isodiagonal periodicity of the electronegativity and associate this periodicity to a similar chemical-physical behavior of elements or ions.