Pyridine- and Thiazole-Based Hydrazides with Promising Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Activities along with Their <i>In Silico</i> Studies

Abstract

A new class of compounds formed by the linkage of -C(O)-NH- with pyridine and thiazole moieties was designed, synthesized, and characterized by various spectral approaches. The newly characterized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial as well as anti-inflammatory properties. The <i>in vitro</i> anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds was evaluated by denaturation of the bovine serum albumin method and showed inhibition in the range of IC₅₀ values-46.29-100.60 μg/mL. Among all the tested compounds, compound <b>5l</b> has the highest IC₅₀ value and compound <b>5g</b> has the least IC₅₀ value. On the other hand, antimicrobial results revealed that compound <b>5j</b> showed the lowest MIC values and compound <b>5a</b> has the highest MIC values. Furthermore, molecular docking of the active compounds demonstrated a better docking score and interacted well with the target protein. Physicochemical parameters of the titled compounds were found suitable in the reference range only. The <i>in silico</i> molecular docking study revealed their COX-inhibitory action. Compound <b>5j</b> emerged as a significant bioactive molecule among the synthesized analogues.