SIRT1/FOXO3a axis plays an important role in the prevention of mandibular bone loss induced by 1,25(OH)₂D deficiency

Abstract

It has been reported that 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)₂D] deficiency leads to the loss of mandibular bone, however the mechanism is unclear. We investigated whether the Sirt1/FOXO3a signaling pathway is involved in this process. Using a 1,25(OH)₂D deficiency model induced by genetic deletion in mice of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1α hydroxylase [1α(OH)ase^-/- mice]. We first documented a sharp reduction of expression levels of Sirt1 in the 1α(OH)ase^-/- mice <i>in vivo</i>. Next, we demonstrated dose-dependent upregulation of Sirt1 by treatment with exogenous 1,25(OH)₂D₃<i>in vitro</i>. We then identified a functional VDR binding site in the Sirt1 promoter. By crossing Prx1-Sirt1 transgenic mice with 1α(OH)ase^-/- mice we demonstrated that the overexpression of Sirt1 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) greatly improved the 1α(OH)ase^-/- mandibular bone loss phenotype by increasing osteoblastic bone formation and reducing osteoclastic bone resorption. In mechanistic studies, we showed, in 1α(OH)ase^-/- mice, decreases of Sirt1 and FoxO3a, an increase in oxidative stress as reflected by a reduction of the antioxidant enzymes peroxiredoxin1 (Prdx1), SOD1 and SOD2 expression, and an increase of markers for osteocyte senescence and senescence associated secretory phenotypes (SASP), including β-galactosidase (β-gal), p16, p53 and p21. The targeted overexpression of Sirt1 in the 1α(OH)ase^-/- mice restored the expression levels of these molecules. Finally, we demonstrated that a Sirt1 agonist can upregulate FOXO3a activity by increasing deacetylation and nuclear translocation. Overall, results from this study support the concept that targeted increases in Sirt1/FOXO3a signaling levels can greatly improve the bone loss caused by 1,25(OH)₂D deficiency.