Plasma phenylalanine and tyrosine and their interactions with diabetic nephropathy for risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Plasma low phenylalanine and low tyrosine worked independently and synergistically to increase the risk of DR in T2D. Presence of renal dysfunction further amplified the effect of copresence of low phenylalanine and low tyrosine on DR risk.