Solvent-Induced Bond-Bending Isomerism in Hexaphenyl Carbodiphosphorane: Decisive Dispersion Interactions in the Solid State

Abstract

Previous reports in the literature describe that the crystallization of hexaphenyl carbodiphosphorane (CDP^Ph) from a variety of solvents gives a "bent" geometry for the P-C-P moiety as the solid-state molecular structure. However, a linear structure is observed when CDP^Ph is crystallized from benzene. Here, we report detailed spectroscopic and theoretical studies on the linear and bent structures. X-ray powder diffraction examinations show a phase transition of linear CDP^Ph upon the loss of co-crystallized benzene molecules, which is accompanied by the bending of the P-C-P unit. Studies on the linear and bent structures (i.e., X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and IR spectroscopy) show significant differences in their properties. Investigations of the solid-state structures with density functional theory-based methods (PBE-D3) point toward subtle dispersion effects being responsible for this solvent-induced bond-bending isomerism in CDP^Ph.