The role of gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide in functional impairment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in osteoporosis disease

Abstract

Elevated TMAO levels have a strong negative correlation with the degree of bone mineral density (BMD) in OP. TMAO regulates BMSCs cell function by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway, which affects the balance of bone metabolism, leading to acceleration of bone loss and further progression of OP.