Design, Synthesis, and Application of a Small Molecular NIR-II Fluorophore with Maximal Emission beyond 1200 nm

Abstract

Small molecular fluorophores in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II) have aroused much interest because of their excellent performance. Herein, a new small molecular NIR-II fluorophore, FM1210, with maximal emission beyond 1200 nm is reported. Compared to the corresponding control fluorophore CF1065, FM1210 exhibits an increase of 145 nm in the emission maximum, which is ascribed to the simultaneous introduction of both a Se atom and amino groups into the benzo[1,2-<i>c</i>:4,5-<i>c</i>']bis([1,2,5]thiadiazole) skeleton. This large increase in the maximal emission enables FM1210 to be capable of <i>in vivo</i> imaging with lower autofluorescence, higher signal-to-background ratio, and better resolution. Moreover, nanosized FM1210 encapsulated in liposomes possesses passive targeting ability and good water solubility, and is suitable for imaging a tumor and even its vasculature with high signal-to-background ratio.