Thin TiO₂ Coatings by ALD Enhance the Cell Growth on TiO₂ Nanotubular and Flat Substrates

Abstract

coatings changed the surface composition of all materials but preserved their original structure and protected them from unwanted crystallization and shape changes. The presented approach of mild surface modification by ALD has a significant effect on the materials' biocompatibility and is promising toward application in implant materials.