One-Pot Synthesis of Indoles and Pyrazoles via Pd-Catalyzed Couplings/Cyclizations Enabled by Aqueous Micellar Catalysis

Abstract

An effective one-pot synthesis of either indoles or pyrazoles can be achieved via Pd-catalyzed aminations followed by subsequent cyclizations facilitated by aqueous micellar catalysis. This new technology includes efficient couplings with low loadings of palladium, a more stable source of the required hydrazine moiety, greater atom economy for the initial coupling, and reduced reaction temperatures, all leading to environmentally responsible processes.