Immune-Mediated Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

Abstract

The treatment of melanoma has advanced over time with the latest modalities being immune checkpoint blockade by programmed death receptor 1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 inhibitors. Programmed death receptor 1 inhibitors have been noted to cause multi-system adverse reactions. The dermatological adverse events can range from pruritus to severe toxic epidermal necrolysis. We report a fatal case of toxic epidermal necrolysis secondary to nivolumab therapy. Checkpoint inhibitors are becoming the standard treatment option in many malignancies. Their safety profile is still evolving as more cases are being reported. Many individuals who are immunocompromised or undergoing concomitant treatment with combination therapy could develop significant overlapping toxicities. Physicians must be vigilant for dermatological complications that lead to opportunistic infections and sepsis.