CO₂‐Brine Substitution Effects on Ultrasonic Wave Propagation Through Sandstone With Oblique Fractures

Abstract

Abstract Seismic monitoring of injected CO 2 plumes in fractured storage reservoirs relies on accurate knowledge of the physical mechanisms governing elastic wave propagation, as described by appropriate, validated rock physics models. We measured laboratory ultrasonic velocity and attenuation of P and S waves, and electrical resistivity, of a synthetic fractured sandstone with obliquely aligned (penny‐shaped) fractures, undergoing a brine‐CO 2 flow‐through test at simulated reservoir pressure and temperature. Our results show systematic differences in the dependence of velocity and attenuation on fluid saturation between imbibition and drainage episodes, which we attribute to uniform and patchy fluid distributions, respectively, and the relative permeability of CO 2 and brine in the rock. This behavior is consistent with predictions from a multifluid rock physics model, facilitating the identification of the dispersive mechanisms associated with wave‐induced fluid flow in fractured systems at seismic scales.