Advancements in PV-thermal systems with and without phase change materials as a sustainable energy solution: energy, exergy and exergoeconomic (3E) analytic approach

Abstract

Photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems are increasingly becoming an essential part of the solar application systems integrating the photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal collectors into a single unit to produce heat and electrical energy from the intermittent solar irradiation.