Neuromodulation Therapy in Heart Failure: Combined Use of Drugs and Devices

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is the fastest-growing cardiovascular disease globally. The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the regulation and homeostasis of cardiac function but, once there is HF, it takes on a detrimental role in cardiac function that makes it a rational target. In this review, we cover the remodeling of the autonomic nervous system in HF and the latest treatments available targeting it.