The Journal of Human Resources · 1974 · 54 citations · 5 references
Social SciencesDemographySociologyFamily DemographyLabor EconomicsLabor Market AnalysisBlack WomenEqual Employment OpportunityFamily EconomicsHousehold EconomicsWork-family BalanceWorkforce DemographicsFemale EmploymentLabor Force Participation GapsLabor Force Participation RatesWhite-collar WorkWomen's Labor Force ParticipationWomen's Occupational SegregationWomen’s Labor Force ParticipationWork-family Relations
Strong sexist barriers to high‑status employment limit upper‑middle‑class white wives’ labor participation. In 1966, 61.4 % of black wives and 46.7 % of white wives worked, with full‑time employment more common among black wives in better‑educated, stable families and among white wives in less‑educated, unstable families, while part‑time patterns were reversed, reflecting the opening of white‑collar jobs to qualified black women as an alternative to domestic service.
Analysis of labor force participation of black and white wives by family personal characteristics, from the 1967 Survey of Economic Opportunity, revealed that 61.4 percent of black wives and 46.7 percent of white wives worked in 1966. Full-time work was more common among black wives in better educated, more stable families, and among white wives in less educated, poorer, unstable families. The reverse applied to part-time employment. Results reflect the opening of white-collar jobs to qualified black women, as an alternative to domestic service. Strong sexist barriers to high-status employment of women explain the relatively low participation of upper middle-class white wives.
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