Luminescent Rhenium(I)tricarbonyl Complexes Containing Different Pyrazoles and Their Successive Deprotonation Products: CO₂ Reduction Electrocatalysts

Abstract

Cationic <i>fac</i>-[Re(CO)₃(pz*H)(pypzH)]OTf (pz*H = pyrazole, pzH; 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, dmpzH; indazole, indzH; 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole, pypzH) were obtained from <i>fac</i>-[ReBr(CO)₃(pypzH)] by halide abstraction with AgOTf and subsequent addition of the corresponding pyrazole. Successive deprotonation with Na₂CO₃ and NaOH gave neutral <i>fac</i>-[Re(CO)₃(pz*H)(pypz)] and anionic Na{<i>fac</i>-[Re(CO)₃(pz*)(pypz)]} complexes, respectively. Cationic <i>fac</i>-[Re(CO)₃(pz*H)(pypzH)]OTf, neutral complexes <i>fac</i>-[Re(CO)₃(pz*H)(pypz)], and <i>fac</i>-[Re(CO)₃(pypz)₂Na] were subjected to photophysical and electrochemical studies. They exhibit phosphorescent decays from a prevalently ³MLCT excited state with quantum yields (Φ) in the range between 0.03 and 0.58 and long lifetimes (τ from 220 to 869 ns). The electrochemical behavior in Ar atmosphere of cationic and neutral complexes indicates that the oxidation processes assigned to Re^I → Re^II occurs at lower potentials for the neutral complex compared to cationic complex. The reduction processes occur at the ligands and do not depend on the charge of the complexes. The electrochemical behavior in CO₂ saturated media is consistent with CO₂ electrocatalyzed reduction, where the values of the catalytic activity [<i>i</i>_cat(CO₂)/<i>i</i>_cat(Ar)] ranged from 2.7 to 11.5 (compared to 8.1 for <i>fac</i>-[Re(CO)₃Cl(bipy)] studied as a reference). Controlled potential electrolysis for the pyrazole cationic (<b>3a</b>) and neutral (<b>4a</b>) complexes after 1 h affords CO in faraday yields of 61 and 89%, respectively. These values are higher for indazole complexes and may be related to the acidity of the coordinated pyrazole.