Rational design of an “all-in-one” phototheranostic

Abstract

We report here porphodilactol derivatives and their corresponding metal complexes. These systems show promise as "all-in-one" phototheranostics and are predicated on a design strategy that involves controlling the relationship between intersystem crossing (ISC) and photothermal conversion efficiency following photoexcitation. The requisite balance was achieved by tuning the aromaticity of these porphyrinoid derivatives and forming complexes with one of two lanthanide cations, namely Gd³⁺ and Lu³⁺. The net result led to a metalloporphodilactol system, Gd-<i>trans</i>-<b>2</b>, with seemingly optimal ISC efficiency, photothermal conversion efficiency and fluorescence properties, as well as good chemical stability. Encapsulation of Gd-<i>trans</i>-<b>2</b> within mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) allowed its evaluation for tumour diagnosis and therapy. It was found to be effective as an "all-in-one" phototheranostic that allowed for NIR fluorescence/photoacoustic dual-modal imaging while providing an excellent combined PTT/PDT therapeutic efficacy <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> in 4T1-tumour-bearing mice.