Photochromic Mechanism and Dual‐Phase Formation in Oxygen‐Containing Rare‐Earth Hydride Thin Films

Abstract

Abstract The phase formation of a photochromic Gd 0.31 (H 0.55 O 0.45 ) 0.69 thin film, grown by reactive magnetron sputtering, is critically evaluated. Oxygen is preferably incorporated into the underdense columnar grain boundaries, when the as‐deposited gadolinium hydride film is exposed to ambient conditions. Two phases, Gd 2 O 3 and GdH 2 , are formed with significant compressive residual stress of 5.9 ± 1.5 GPa. These findings, extracted from transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and atom probe tomography, provide a straightforward explanation for the photochromic effect. The mechanism can be understood as photon‐induced hydrogen transfer between the two phases, identical in nature to the photochromic effect in bulk yttrium hydride at high pressure.