Modern enabling techniques and adsorbents based dye removal with sustainability concerns in textile industrial sector -A comprehensive review

TLDR

Textile industry wastewaters contain toxic components that, if untreated, harm aquatic ecosystems and human health. The study reviews textile dyes and chemicals and proposes cost‑effective combined treatment strategies for sustainable wastewater management. The review covers traditional chemical, biological, physical, and hybrid treatment methods and evaluates IoT‑based monitoring systems for water quality control. The main limitation identified is the lack of an integrated platform combining traditional treatments with modern technologies for sustainable manufacturing.

Abstract

Wastewaters from the textile industry are hazardous effluents containing toxic complex components that without appropriate treatment severely impact the environment; causing harmful effects to the aquatic ecosystems, as well as to human health. The present study extensively reviews the dyes and chemicals utilized in the textile industry focusing on the traditional treatment methods -chemical, biological, physical and hybrid systems-for their removal from industrial wastewaters. In addition, a critical analysis on Internet of Things based management systems for their remote monitoring and control of the water quality is reported. It was found the absence of a common platform for the integration of the different traditional treatment methods in association with modern technologies is the main limiting factor for an effective sustainable manufacturing. Therefore, it is the aim of this research to broaden the scope of potential solutions, proposing cost-effective high-performing combined strategies with promising benefits for future industrial applications.