Cu₃P nanoparticle-reduced graphene oxide hybrid: an efficient electrocatalyst to realize N₂-to-NH₃ conversion under ambient conditions

Abstract

Industrial NH3 synthesis mainly relies on the Haber-Bosch process operated under harsh conditions. Ambient electrochemical N2 reduction offers an eco-friendly and sustainable pathway for NH3 synthesis, but its implementation depends on efficient electrocatalysts. Here, we report that a Cu3P nanoparticle-reduced graphene oxide (Cu3P-rGO) hybrid serves as an efficient electrocatalyst toward NH3 synthesis. Tested in 0.1 M HCl, Cu3P-rGO exhibits a large NH3 yield of 26.38 μg h-1 mgcat.-1 and a high faradaic efficiency of 10.11% at -0.45 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode, with high electrochemical stability. Theoretical calculations reveal that Cu3P can efficiently catalyze NH3 synthesis.