Endocardial-Epicardial Phase Mapping of Prolonged Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Recordings

Abstract

Simultaneous endo-epi phase mapping of prolonged human persistent AF recordings shows significant Endocardial-epicardial dissociation marked temporal heterogeneity, discordant and transitioning wavefronts patterns and complex fractionations. No sustained focal activity was observed. Such complex 3-dimensional interactions provide insight into why endocardial mapping alone may not fully characterize the AF mechanism and why endocardial ablation may not be sufficient. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.