The E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH1 regulates antimalaria immunity through interferon signaling and T cell activation

Abstract

Malaria infection induces complex and diverse immune responses. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying host-parasite interaction, we performed a genetic screen during early (24 h) <i>Plasmodium yoelii</i> infection in mice and identified a large number of interacting host and parasite genes/loci after transspecies expression quantitative trait locus (Ts-eQTL) analysis. We next investigated a host E3 ubiquitin ligase gene (<i>March1</i>) that was clustered with interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) based on the similarity of the genome-wide pattern of logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores (GPLS). <i>March1</i> inhibits MAVS/STING/TRIF-induced type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling in vitro and in vivo. However, in malaria-infected hosts, deficiency of <i>March1</i> reduces IFN-I production by activating inhibitors such as SOCS1, USP18, and TRIM24 and by altering immune cell populations. <i>March1</i> deficiency increases CD86⁺DC (dendritic cell) populations and levels of IFN-γ and interleukin 10 (IL-10) at day 4 post infection, leading to improved host survival. T cell depletion reduces IFN-γ level and reverse the protective effects of <i>March1</i> deficiency, which can also be achieved by antibody neutralization of IFN-γ. This study reveals functions of MARCH1 (membrane-associated ring-CH-type finger 1) in innate immune responses and provides potential avenues for activating antimalaria immunity and enhancing vaccine efficacy.