Hirudin Ameliorates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis via Regulating TGF‐<i>β</i>1/Smad and NF‐<i>κ</i>B Signaling in UUO Rat Model

Abstract

Hirudin improves kidney injury and suppresses inflammatory response and ECM accumulation in UUO rats; its underlying mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of TGF-<i>β</i>1/Smad and NF-<i>κ</i>B signaling.