Embryogenic callus induction and <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated genetic transformation of ‘Shine Muscat’ grape

Abstract

We established a method for embryogenic callus induction and highly efficient <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated genetic transformation of a table grape cultivar 'Shine Muscat' (<i>Vitis labruscana</i>). Embryogenic calli were induced using flower bud filaments from a dormant cane. <i>Agrobacterium</i> strain LBA4404 harboring the binary plasmid pBin19-s<i>gfp</i>, which contains the s<i>gfp</i> and <i>nptII</i> genes, was used to infect embryogenic calli. Infected calli were selected on 1/2 MS medium containing 5% maltose and 2% agar supplemented with 15 mg l^-1 kanamycin. Efficiency of transformation of regenerated plants reached nearly 100% as determined by PCR and Southern blot analyses. The developed method will open a new avenue for genome editing of 'Shine Muscat' and contribute to the advancement of grape breeding.