1c:I[419806,["/_next/static/chunks/bb923814e1f4d2e9.js","/_next/static/chunks/dd3ee9f5b7716ca6.js","/_next/static/chunks/4204a0ae82542ca8.js","/_next/static/chunks/1270dead247da766.js","/_next/static/chunks/6e1aa89a642f40be.js","/_next/static/chunks/2d7aa753e81324a8.js","/_next/static/chunks/8ffd0b71567920d8.js","/_next/static/chunks/67ea6dfd21f16c5f.js","/_next/static/chunks/24eb4379f68013fd.js","/_next/static/chunks/b8cd775ffdf935bd.js","/_next/static/chunks/983103cd9eb7b428.js","/_next/static/chunks/263f2cdcb9aa2341.js","/_next/static/chunks/294b9525248c8e5f.js"],"default"] 1d:T432,Surface tension has been measured by the method of Ferguson and Kennedy on small (0.3-0.4 microliter) samples of tears from 65 normal and 35 dry eyes. Non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT) was also measured on the same patients as an indication of tear film stability. The mean (+/- SD) surface tension value was 43.6 +/- 2.7 mN/m for normals, and 49.6 +/- 2.2 mN/m for dry eyes. All NIBUT values for dry eyes were below 20 sec (8.9 +/- 5.1 sec, mean +/- SD, n = 35) while 53% of normal values were 30 sec or over. A negative correlation was found between surface tension and NIBUT for both dry eyes and normals. Comparison of surface tension results for tears and a variety of standard solutions indicated that mucus makes the greatest contribution, even at low concentrations, but the effect of proteins can be large, especially in inflammatory states where serum proteins leak from conjunctival vessels. The measurement of surface tension is simple and direct, and in conjunction with the NIBUT value can help in classification of tear quality in questionably dry eye cases.1e:T548,In this study, we explored the effects of particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5) eye drops on the ocular surface structure and tear function in mice and established a novel animal model for dry eye research. We found that, following treatment with PM_2.5, the tear volume and, the tear film break-up time showed statistical differences at each time point (P < 0.05). The FL score of the PM_2.5-treated group was higher than that of others (P < 0.05). The average number of corneal epithelial layer cells in groups A and B was significantly lower than that in group C (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the number of corneal epithelial microvilli and corneal desmosomes was drastically reduced in group C. PM_2.5 induced apoptosis in the corneal superficial and basal epithelium and led to abnormal differentiation and proliferation of the ocular surface with higher expression levels of Ki67 and a reduced number of goblet cells in the conjunctival fornix in group C. PM_2.5 significantly increased the levels of TNF-α, NF-κB p65 (phospho S536), and NF-κB in the cornea. Thus, the topical administration of PM_2.5 in mice induces ocular surface changes that are similar to those of dry eye in humans, representing a novel model of dry eye.

	Year	Citations

References