Genetic Basis of Azole and Echinocandin Resistance in Clinical Candida glabrata in Japan

Abstract

Infections caused by Candida glabrata have caused worldwide concern, especially when they are associated with increasing echinocandin and azole resistance. In this study, we analyzed the molecular mechanisms of azole and echinocandin resistance in C. glabrata isolates obtained from hospitalized patients in Japan from 1997 to 2019. All isolates were checked phenotypically for resistance and genotypically for mutations in PDR1 , ERG11 , hot spot 1 (HS1), HS2, and HS3 of FKS1 , and HS1 and HS2 of FKS2 , and all isolates were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST).