A Magnetic Iron Oxide/Polydopamine Coating Can Improve Osteogenesis of 3D‐Printed Porous Titanium Scaffolds with a Static Magnetic Field by Upregulating the TGF<i>β</i>‐Smads Pathway

Abstract

Abstract 3D‐printed porous titanium–aluminum–vanadium (Ti6Al4V, pTi) scaffolds offer surgeons a good option for the reconstruction of large bone defects, especially at the load‐bearing sites. However, poor osteogenesis limits its application in clinic. In this study, a new magnetic coating is successfully fabricated by codepositing of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and polydopamine (PDA) on the surface of 3D‐printed pTi scaffolds, which enhances cell attachment, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in vitro and new bone formation of rabbit femoral bone defects in vivo with/without a static magnetic field (SMF). Furthermore, through proteomic analysis, the enhanced osteogenic effect of the magnetic Fe 3 O 4 /PDA coating with the SMF is found to be related to upregulate the TGF β ‐Smads signaling pathway. Therefore, this work provides a simple protocol to improve the osteogenesis of 3D‐printed porous pTi scaffolds, which will help their application in clinic.