2020 · 80 citations · 27 references
ComputingComputer ScienceComputer VisionFeature EngineeringMachine LearningFace RecognitionPattern RecognitionDomain GeneralizationFace Identification
The long‑tailed problem in face recognition has traditionally focused on class imbalance, but this work highlights the more complex domain imbalance—where few domains dominate and many are rare—whose labels (race, age, pose, illumination) are difficult to obtain in practice. We propose a novel Domain Balancing (DB) mechanism to address this domain imbalance. The DB mechanism first uses a Domain Frequency Indicator to classify samples as head or tail, then applies a lightweight Residual Balancing Mapping to adjust the network per domain, and finally incorporates a Domain Balancing Margin in the loss to refine the tail‑domain feature space. Experiments on multiple face‑recognition benchmarks show that DB improves generalization and outperforms existing methods.
Long-tailed problem has been an important topic in face recognition task. However, existing methods only concentrate on the long-tailed distribution of classes. Differently, we devote to the long-tailed domain distribution problem, which refers to the fact that a small number of domains frequently appear while other domains far less existing. The key challenge of the problem is that domain labels are too complicated (related to race, age, pose, illumination, etc.) and inaccessible in real applications. In this paper, we propose a novel Domain Balancing (DB) mechanism to handle this problem. Specifically, we first propose a Domain Frequency Indicator (DFI) to judge whether a sample is from head domains or tail domains. Secondly, we formulate a light-weighted Residual Balancing Mapping (RBM) block to balance the domain distribution by adjusting the network according to DFI. Finally, we propose a Domain Balancing Margin (DBM) in the loss function to further optimize the feature space of the tail domains to improve generalization. Extensive analysis and experiments on several face recognition benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed method effectively enhances the generalization capacities and achieves superior performance.
27
Laurens van der Maaten, Geoffrey E. Hinton · Journal of Machine Learning Research · 2008 · 35.7K citations
Focal Loss for Dense Object Detection
Tsung-Yi Lin, Priya Goyal, Ross Girshick et al. · 2017 · 25.7K citations
FaceNet: A unified embedding for face recognition and clustering
2015 · 11.2K citations · Full text
Automatic differentiation in PyTorch
Adam Paszke, Sam Gross, Soumith Chintala et al. · 2017 · 11.1K citations
Haibo He, Edwardo A. Garcia · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering · 2009 · 9.7K citations