Using Information Technology to Manage the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Technical Framework Based on Practical Experience in China

TLDR

COVID‑19 poses a global health challenge, prompting governments and China’s health informatics community to actively employ information technologies for monitoring, detection, early warning, prevention, and control. The study aims to develop a technical framework for responding to COVID‑19 from a health informatics perspective. The authors collected data on China’s health informatics actions during the outbreak and built a framework incorporating mobile/web services, big‑data analytics, cloud computing, IoT, AI, 5G telemedicine, and clinical information systems. The framework highlights specific health‑IT practices used in China, details their application, and underscores that such technologies play a pivotal role in managing the epidemic.

Abstract

Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic poses an enormous challenge to the global health system, and governments have taken active preventive and control measures. The health informatics community in China has actively taken action to leverage health information technologies for epidemic monitoring, detection, early warning, prevention and control, and other tasks. Objective The aim of this study was to develop a technical framework to respond to the COVID-19 epidemic from a health informatics perspective. Methods In this study, we collected health information technology–related information to understand the actions taken by the health informatics community in China during the COVID-19 outbreak and developed a health information technology framework for epidemic response based on health information technology–related measures and methods. Results Based on the framework, we review specific health information technology practices for managing the outbreak in China, describe the highlights of their application in detail, and discuss critical issues to consider when using health information technology. Technologies employed include mobile and web-based services such as Internet hospitals and Wechat, big data analyses (including digital contact tracing through QR codes or epidemic prediction), cloud computing, Internet of things, Artificial Intelligence (including the use of drones, robots, and intelligent diagnoses), 5G telemedicine, and clinical information systems to facilitate clinical management for COVID-19. Conclusions Practical experience in China shows that health information technologies play a pivotal role in responding to the COVID-19 epidemic.