Prevalence, Resistance Rates, and Risk Factors of Pathogens in Routine Bile Cultures Obtained during Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography

Abstract

Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the distribution, resistance profiles, and risk factors for the detection of bile pathogens. The frequent change in initial antibiotic treatment highlights the importance of routine bile culture and indicates that current schemas of empirical treatment might not cover the contemporary spectrum of pathogens in bile.