Survival and development of <scp> <i>Spodoptera eridania</i> </scp> , <i>Spodoptera cosmioides</i> and <i>Spodoptera albula</i> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on genetically‐modified soybean expressing <scp>Cry1Ac</scp> and <scp>Cry1F</scp> proteins

Abstract

Soybean with stacked events DAS-444Ø6-6 × DAS-81419-2 expressing Cry1Ac/Cry1F Bt proteins provide population suppression of S. eridania and S. cosmioides. However, this Bt soybean had minimal effects on S. albula, and is unlikely to have negative population-level effects on this species. It is expected that under field conditions, other control tactics must be integrated with Cry1Ac/Cry1F-soybean for the management of these Spodoptera species. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.