Association of Weight-Adjusted Caffeine and β-Blocker Use With Ophthalmology Fellow Performance During Simulated Vitreoretinal Microsurgery

Abstract

The findings suggest that performance of novice vitreoretinal surgeons was worse after receiving low-dose caffeine alone but improved after receiving low-dose propranolol alone. Their performance after receiving propranolol alone was better than after the combination of propranolol and caffeine. These results may be helpful for novice vitreoretinal surgeons to improve microsurgical performance.