Boosting High-Performance in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries via Dilute Electrolyte

Abstract

Polysulfide shuttle effects, active material losses, formation of resistive surface layers, and continuous electrolyte consumption create a major barrier for the lightweight and low-cost lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery adoption. Tuning electrolyte composition by using additives and most importantly by substantially increasing electrolyte molarity was previously shown to be one of the most effective strategies. Contrarily, little attention has been paid to dilute and super-diluted LiTFSI/DME/DOL/LiNO₃ based-electrolytes, which have been thought to aggravate the polysulfide dissolution and shuttle effects. Here we challenge this conventional wisdom and demonstrate outstanding capabilities of a dilute (0.1 mol L^-1 of LiTFSI in DME/DOL with 1 wt. % LiNO₃) electrolyte to enable better electrode wetting, greatly improved high-rate capability, and stable cycle performance for high sulfur loading cathodes and low electrolyte/sulfur ratio in Li-S cells. Overall, the presented study shines light on the extraordinary ability of such electrolyte systems to suppress short-chain polysulfide dissolution and polysulfide shuttle effects.