Source Identification of PM2.5 Major Elemental Components at the Harbor Industrial Area in Busan : Comparison of Trace Elemental Concentrations Using Two XRFs

Abstract

Harbor industrial area is of importance characterized by high levels of air pollutants that are emitted from ship traffic and other harbor activities such as yard tractors with uncontrolled emissions. In the present study, the concentrations of PM2.5 mass, organic carbon, elemental carbon, ions, and trace elements (Na, Mg, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ba, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br and Pb) were investigated in the Busan New Port between Feb. 11 and Mar. 4, 2019. Daily variations were investigated. Moreover, trace elemental concentrations were validated using two XRF analyses. The effect of major wind sectors based on conditional probability functions was determined to assess the potential contribution of harbor activities such as scrap metal handling operations. The harbor sector was also associated with relatively increased levels of trace elements such as OC, EC, Fe, Mn as welll as SO₄2-. Fe and Mn was evidenced for harbor emission sector. Therefore this results can contribute to establish the reduction strategies related to pollutant sources and emission characteristics in harbor industrial areas.