Two-dimensional treatment of mode theory of propagation of VLF radio waves

Abstract

t he co mp lex pla n e, the us ua l wo rki ng fo rm ula s of VLF mode t heor y may be d erived d irect ly from o rt hogonali t y con sid e ratio ns. F urt hermo r e, t he phy sical ins igh t ga ined b y t he present de velopm en t immedi ately s uggests h O\I' t he formulas m a y be ge n e ra li ~ed to an ea r th -io nosphere \\'a\'cg ui cl e of nonu nifo rm IIid th .