C2 medial pedicle screw: a novel “in-out-in” technique as an alternative option for posterior C2 fixation in cases with a narrow C2 isthmus

Abstract

This novel in-out-in technique can provide 3-column rigid fixation of the axis with multicortical purchase. Excellent clinical outcomes with low complication rates were achieved with this technique. When placement of a C2 pedicle screw is not possible due to anatomical constraints, the C2MPS can be considered as an efficient alternative.