Microstructure and Properties of SLM AlSi10Mg: Understanding the Influence of the Local Thermal History

Abstract

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an Additive Manufacturing technique that is widely used to produce AlSi10Mg parts with a good strength-to-weight ratio. Indeed, strongly refined microstructures are obtained due to the ultra-fast cooling rates reached in this process, conferring high strength to the parts, even in the as-built state. However, microstructural heterogeneities at the scale of the melt pool may exert a detrimental influence on the mechanical properties e.g. by causing a loss in ductility. This study thus aims at a better understanding of the influence of the local thermal history on local variations of microstructure and mechanical properties. Microscopy (i.e. SEM+EDS) and nanoindentation have been combined to reach a detailed knowledge of the local microstructure and properties. In particular, the solute Si content in the α-Al matrix, the volume fraction and the size of Si precipitates have been quantified by microscopy analysis. These local microstructural parameters are correlated with the matrix hardness as revealed by nanoindentation. Finally, the results of this detailed characterization are linked with the local thermal history that is approached in two different ways i.e. (i) an analytical description of thermal gradients inside the melt pool based on Rosenthal’s and Matyja’s equations and (ii) a simple Finite Element model for the deposition of a few layers in the SLM process.