Intestinal CD14+ Macrophages Protect CD4+ T Cells From Activation-induced Cell Death via Exosomal Membrane TNF in Crohn’s Disease

Abstract

CD14+ Mφ in the intestinal microenvironment of CD patients maintain the sustained activation of CD4+ T cells through exosomal membrane TNF to induce apoptosis resistance via TNFR2/NF-κB signalling, which could be effectively blocked by clinically applicable anti-TNF agents.