Enhancing the operational stability of unencapsulated perovskite solar cells through Cu–Ag bilayer electrode incorporation

Abstract

Incorporation of bilayer electrodes (Cu:Ag) significantly reduces electrode corrosion and device degradation in perovskite solar cells operating in air. A symbiosis exists whereby Ag inhibits Cu oxidation and Cu prevents interfacial reactions between the perovskite (MAPbI₃) and Ag.