A Two-Stage Game-Theoretic Method for Residential PV Panels Planning Considering Energy Sharing Mechanism

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel two-stage game-theoretic residential photovoltaic (PV) panels planning framework for distribution grids with potential PV prosumers. One innovative contribution is that a residential PV panels location-allocation model is integrated with the energy sharing mechanism to increase economic benefits to PV prosumers and meanwhile facilitate the reasonable installation of residential PV panels. The optimization of residential PV panels planning decisions is formulated as a two-stage model. In the first stage, we develop a Stackelberg game based stochastic bi-level energy sharing model to determine the optimal sizing of PV panels with uncertain PV energy output, load demand, and electricity price. Instead of directly solving the proposed bi-level energy sharing problem by using commercial solvers, we develop an efficient descend search algorithm-based solution method which can significantly improve the computation efficiency. In the second stage, we propose a stochastic programming based residential PV panels deployment model for all PV prosumers. This model is formulated as an optimal power flow (OPF) problem to minimize active power loss. Finally, simulations on an IEEE 33-node and 123-node test systems demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.